Animation


 * The Beginnings of Animation **

The origins of animation started with the flip-book. A flip-book or flick book is a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. The first flip book was patented in 1868 by John Barnes Linnet it was called The Kineograph. Flip books were yet another development that brought us closer to modern animation.

Flip books are now largely considered a toy for children, and were once a common "prize" in cereal boxes. However, in addition to their role in the birth of cinema, they are used as an effective promotional tool since their creation for such decidedly adult products as automobiles and cigarettes. They continue to be used in marketing today, as well as in art and published photographic collections. Vintage flip books are popular among collectors, and especially rare ones from the late 19th to early 20th century have been known to fetch thousands of dollars in sales and auctions.

An Example Of a flip-book Animation

**Different Types Of Animation And Their History:**

**Traditional Animation:** The first animated film was created by Charles-Émile Reynaud, inventor of the praxinoscope, an animation system using loops of 12 pictures. On October 28th 1892. The first animated work on standard picture film was //Humorous Phases of Funny Faces// (1906) by J. Stuart Blackton. //Fantasmagorie//, by the French director Émile Cohl (also called //Émile Courtet//), is also noteworthy. It was screened for the first time on August 17, 1908 at Théâtre du Gymnase in Paris.Influenced by Cohl, Russian scientist Ladislas Starevitch started to create animated films using dead insects with wire limbs. In 1911 he created "The Cameraman's Revenge", a complex tale of treason, suicide and violence between several different insects. It is a pioneer work of puppet animation, In 1914, American cartoonist Winsor McCay released //Gertie the Dinosaur//, an early example of character animation.

[|Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces.ogg] The animation Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) The first animated feature film was //El Apóstol//, made in 1917 by Quirino Cristiani from Argentina. He also directed two other animated feature films, including 1931's //Peludopolis//, the first to use synchronized sound. None of these, however, survive to the present day. The earliest-surviving animated feature, which used colour-tinted scenes, is the silhouette-animated //Adventures of Prince Achmed// (1926) directed by German Lotte Reiniger and French/Hungarian Berthold Bartosch. Walt Disney's //Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs// (1937) is often considered to be the first animated feature when in fact at least eight were previously released. However, //Snow White// was the first to become successful and well-known within the English-speaking world and the first to use cel animation. The first animation to use the full, three-color Technicolor method was //Flowers and Trees// (1932) made by Disney Studios which won an Academy Award for this work. The first Japanese-made feature length anime film was the propaganda film Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors by the Japanese director Mitsuyo Seo. The film, shown in 1945, was ordered to be made to support the war by the Japanese Naval Ministry. The film's song AIUEO no Uta was later used in Osamu Tezuka's anime series Kimba the White Lion. Originally thought to have been destroyed during the American occupation, a negative copy survived and the film is now available in Japan on VHS.
 * Feature-length films**

Stop motion
Stop motion is used for many animation productions, it is done by photographing an image, then have it moved slightly, and then photographed again. When the pictures are played back in normal speed the object will appear to move by itself. The first example of object manipulation and stop-motion animation was the 1899 short film by Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton called //The Humpty Dumpty Circus//.

CGI animation
Computer-generated (CGI) revolutionized animation. The first feature film done completely in CGI was Toy Story, produced by Pixar. The process of CGI animation is still very tedious and similar in that sense to traditional animation, and it still adheres to many of the same principles. A principal difference of CGI Animation compared to traditional animation is that drawing is replaced by 3D modeling, almost like a virtual version of stop-motion, though a form of animation that combines the two worlds can be considered to be computer aided animation but on 2D computer drawing (which can be considered close to traditional drawing and sometimes based on it).

Luxo Jr Animation link: @http://video.sina.com.cn/v/b/20750006-1503796560.html


 * Animation Timeline:**